She/her

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Joined 4 months ago
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Cake day: January 29th, 2026

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  • I’m honestly convinced that the Americas would have eventually repelled the European invaders if the introduced (and intentionally spread) diseases weren’t so devastating. Guns and metal armor are pretty good in warfare and all, but the size of the army required to subjugate millions of people across varied terrain where the invaders are wildly unfamiliar with the land and how to live in it while the defenders have been present for thousands of years, are very familiar with the land, have established warfare traditions, quickly adapt to introduced technologies, and have allied with historic enemies to repel invaders? Does not tend to go well for the invaders.





  • Oh, like… all of them? Not quite, no. There were about…500 to 600 different Native nations in North America, I think, plus more in Mesoamerica and South America? Across a huge diversity of different landscapes. Some of them were nomadic hunter-gatherers, a few were settled hunter-gatherers, but a very large amount of Native nations were agricultural and either settled in one place year round or had a winter and summer home deal where they transited between the two. A huge amount of foods that are now well established worldwide were bred in the Americas as agricultural crops, including corn, many varieties of beans, tomatoes, potatoes, a number of squashes, and sunflowers. There were several heavily populated urban centers as well – check out the Inca, the Maya, the Aztecs, and in North America the Mississippian Mound Building culture, and the Pueblo culture for examples of heavily populated cities. The Iroquois/Haudenosaunee Confederacy also were settled agriculturalists, though I believe they also did have substantial hunting and gathering activity (agriculturalist vs. hunter/gatherer is more of a spectrum than a binary choice) and I don’t believe they had population centers that were true large urban centers like the other examples I listed.






  • Speaking only of that which I learned from the video I linked, my understanding is that cold-hammered copper actually hardens a fair amount. There’s a demo using an axe with a cold hammered replica copper blade where he cuts down a tree, for example, and some tests using copper tipped spears. Also, cold hammered copper fishing hooks, which had advantages over bone fishing hooks inreparability and flexibility and would have been useful for fishing in the Great Lakes area. There are still tradeoffs, though, and stone tools were still in widespread use for things they were better for, but there was still a lot of utility in cold hammered copper.